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References

These sources were used to develop the Genetics Home Reference condition summary on task-specific focal dystonia.

Adler CH, Crews D, Kahol K, Santello M, Noble B, Hentz JG, Caviness JN. Are the yips a task-specific dystonia or "golfer's cramp"? Mov Disord. 2011 Sep;26(11):1993-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.23824. Epub 2011 Jun 14. PubMed citation
Altenmüller E, Jabusch HC. Focal dystonia in musicians: phenomenology, pathophysiology and triggering factors. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Jul;17 Suppl 1:31-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03048.x. Review. PubMed citation
Frucht SJ. Embouchure dystonia--Portrait of a task-specific cranial dystonia. Mov Disord. 2009 Sep 15;24(12):1752-62. doi: 10.1002/mds.22550. PubMed citation
Hallett M. Pathophysiology of writer's cramp. Hum Mov Sci. 2006 Oct;25(4-5):454-63. Epub 2006 Jul 21. Review. PubMed citation
Jankovic J, Ashoori A. Movement disorders in musicians. Mov Disord. 2008 Oct 30;23(14):1957-65. doi: 10.1002/mds.22255. Review. PubMed citation
Schmidt A, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E, Hagenah J, Brüggemann N, Hedrich K, Saunders-Pullman R, Bressman SB, Kramer PL, Klein C. Dominantly transmitted focal dystonia in families of patients with musician's cramp. Neurology. 2006 Aug 22;67(4):691-3. PubMed citation
Schmidt A, Jabusch HC, Altenmüller E, Hagenah J, Brüggemann N, Lohmann K, Enders L, Kramer PL, Saunders-Pullman R, Bressman SB, Münchau A, Klein C. Etiology of musician's dystonia: familial or environmental? Neurology. 2009 Apr 7;72(14):1248-54. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345670.63363.d1. PubMed citation
Suzuki K, Takano M, Hashimoto K, Numao A, Nakamura T, Sakuta H, Hirata K. Computer mouse-related dystonia: a novel presentation of task-specific dystonia. J Neurol. 2012 Oct;259(10):2221-2. doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6519-1. Epub 2012 May 9. PubMed citation
Torres-Russotto D, Perlmutter JS. Task-specific dystonias: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1142:179-99. doi: 10.1196/annals.1444.012. Review. PubMed citation


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