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Genetics Home Reference: your guide to understanding genetic conditions
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UV-sensitive syndrome

Reviewed July 2012

What is UV-sensitive syndrome?

UV-sensitive syndrome is a condition that is characterized by sensitivity to the ultraviolet (UV) rays in sunlight. Even a small amount of sun exposure can cause a sunburn in affected individuals. In addition, these individuals can have freckles, dryness, or changes in coloring (pigmentation) on sun-exposed areas of skin after repeated exposure. Some people with UV-sensitive syndrome have small clusters of enlarged blood vessels just under the skin (telangiectasia), usually on the cheeks and nose. Although UV exposure can cause skin cancers, people with UV-sensitive syndrome do not have an increased risk of developing these forms of cancer compared with the general population.

How common is UV-sensitive syndrome?

UV-sensitive syndrome appears to be a rare condition; only a small number of affected individuals have been reported in the scientific literature. However, this condition may be underdiagnosed.

What genes are related to UV-sensitive syndrome?

UV-sensitive syndrome can result from mutations in the ERCC6 gene (also known as the CSB gene), the ERCC8 gene (also known as the CSA gene), or the UVSSA gene. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that are involved in repairing damaged DNA. DNA can be damaged by UV rays from the sun and by toxic chemicals, radiation, and unstable molecules called free radicals. Cells are usually able to fix DNA damage before it causes problems. If left uncorrected, DNA damage accumulates, which causes cells to malfunction and can lead to cell death.

Cells have several mechanisms to correct DNA damage. The CSB, CSA, and UVSSA proteins are involved in one mechanism that repairs damaged DNA within active genes (those genes undergoing gene transcription, the first step in protein production). When DNA in active genes is damaged, the enzyme that carries out gene transcription (RNA polymerase) gets stuck, and the process stalls. Researchers think that the CSB, CSA, and UVSSA proteins help remove RNA polymerase from the damaged site, so the DNA can be repaired.

Mutations in the ERCC6, ERCC8, or UVSSA genes lead to the production of an abnormal protein or the loss of the protein. If any of these proteins is not functioning normally, skin cells cannot repair DNA damage caused by UV rays, and transcription of damaged genes is blocked. However, it is unclear exactly how abnormalities in these proteins cause the signs and symptoms of UV-sensitive syndrome.

Related Gene(s)

Changes in these genes are associated with UV-sensitive syndrome.

  • ERCC6
  • ERCC8
  • UVSSA

How do people inherit UV-sensitive syndrome?

This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

Where can I find information about diagnosis or management of UV-sensitive syndrome?

These resources address the diagnosis or management of UV-sensitive syndrome and may include treatment providers.

  • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-sensitive syndrome (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C1833561)
  • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 2 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/CN124929)
  • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 3 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/CN124930)
  • Merck Manual Home Health Edition: Sunburn (http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin_disorders/sunlight_and_skin_damage/sunburn.html)
  • World Health Organization: Sun Protection (http://www.who.int/uv/sun_protection/en/)

You might also find information on the diagnosis or management of UV-sensitive syndrome in Educational resources (http://www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/uv-sensitive-syndrome/show/Educational+resources).

General information about the diagnosis (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/diagnosis) and management (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/treatment) of genetic conditions is available in the Handbook. Read more about genetic testing (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing), particularly the difference between clinical tests and research tests (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/researchtesting).

To locate a healthcare provider, see How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.

Where can I find additional information about UV-sensitive syndrome?

You may find the following resources about UV-sensitive syndrome helpful. These materials are written for the general public.

  • MedlinePlus - Health information
    Health Topic: Skin Conditions (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skinconditions.html)

  • Educational resources - Information pages

    • Merck Manual Home Health Edition: Overview of Sunlight and Skin Damage (http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin_disorders/sunlight_and_skin_damage/overview_of_sunlight_and_skin_damage.html)
    • Orphanet (http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=EN&Expert=178338)
    • World Health Organization: UV Radiation (http://www.who.int/uv/faq/whatisuv/en/index2.html)

You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers.

  • Genetic Testing Registry - Repository of genetic test information

    • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-sensitive syndrome (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C1833561)
    • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 2 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/CN124929)
    • Genetic Testing Registry: UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 3 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/CN124930)
  • PubMed - Recent literature (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((uv-sensitive%20syndrome%5BTIAB%5D)%20OR%20(UVSS%5BTIAB%5D))%20AND%20english%5Bla%5D%20AND%20human%5Bmh%5D%20AND%20%22last%203600%20days%22%5Bdp%5D)

  • OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog

    • UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 1 (http://omim.org/entry/600630)
    • UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 2 (http://omim.org/entry/614621)
    • UV-SENSITIVE SYNDROME 3 (http://omim.org/entry/614640)

What other names do people use for UV-sensitive syndrome?

  • UVSS

For more information about naming genetic conditions, see the Genetics Home Reference Condition Naming Guidelines (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ConditionNameGuide) and How are genetic conditions and genes named? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/naming) in the Handbook.

What if I still have specific questions about UV-sensitive syndrome?

Ask the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/).

What glossary definitions help with understanding UV-sensitive syndrome?

autosomal ; autosomal recessive ; cancer ; cell ; DNA ; DNA damage ; enzyme ; free radicals ; gene ; gene transcription ; pigmentation ; population ; protein ; radiation ; recessive ; RNA ; RNA polymerase ; sensitivity ; syndrome ; telangiectasia ; toxic ; transcription ; UV rays

You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary (http://www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary).

References

  • Horibata K, Iwamoto Y, Kuraoka I, Jaspers NG, Kurimasa A, Oshimura M, Ichihashi M, Tanaka K. Complete absence of Cockayne syndrome group B gene product gives rise to UV-sensitive syndrome but not Cockayne syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 26;101(43):15410-5. Epub 2004 Oct 14. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486090?dopt=Abstract)
  • Itoh T, Fujiwara Y, Ono T, Yamaizumi M. UVs syndrome, a new general category of photosensitive disorder with defective DNA repair, is distinct from xeroderma pigmentosum variant and rodent complementation group I. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jun;56(6):1267-76. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539208?dopt=Abstract)
  • Itoh T, Yamaizumi M, Ichihashi M, Hiro-Oka M, Matsui T, Matsuno M, Ono T. Clinical characteristics of three patients with UVs syndrome, a photosensitive disorder with defective DNA repair. Br J Dermatol. 1996 Jun;134(6):1147-50. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8763445?dopt=Abstract)
  • Nardo T, Oneda R, Spivak G, Vaz B, Mortier L, Thomas P, Orioli D, Laugel V, Stary A, Hanawalt PC, Sarasin A, Stefanini M. A UV-sensitive syndrome patient with a specific CSA mutation reveals separable roles for CSA in response to UV and oxidative DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 14;106(15):6209-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0902113106. Epub 2009 Mar 27. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329487?dopt=Abstract)
  • Spivak G, Itoh T, Matsunaga T, Nikaido O, Hanawalt P, Yamaizumi M. Ultraviolet-sensitive syndrome cells are defective in transcription-coupled repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. DNA Repair (Amst). 2002 Aug 6;1(8):629-43. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12509286?dopt=Abstract)
  • Zhang X, Horibata K, Saijo M, Ishigami C, Ukai A, Kanno S, Tahara H, Neilan EG, Honma M, Nohmi T, Yasui A, Tanaka K. Mutations in UVSSA cause UV-sensitive syndrome and destabilize ERCC6 in transcription-coupled DNA repair. Nat Genet. 2012 May;44(5):593-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.2228. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466612?dopt=Abstract)

 

The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.

 
Reviewed: July 2012
Published: May 20, 2013