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References

These sources were used to develop the Genetics Home Reference gene summary on the TOR1A gene.

Bragg DC, Slater DJ, Breakefield XO. TorsinA and early-onset torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol. 2004;94:87-93. Review. PubMed citation
Breakefield XO, Blood AJ, Li Y, Hallett M, Hanson PI, Standaert DG. The pathophysiological basis of dystonias. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Mar;9(3):222-34. doi: 10.1038/nrn2337. Review. PubMed citation
Brüggemann N, Kock N, Lohmann K, König IR, Rakovic A, Hagenah J, Schmidt A, Ziegler A, Jabusch HC, Siebner H, Altenmüller E, Münchau A, Klein C. The D216H variant in the DYT1 gene: a susceptibility factor for dystonia in familial cases? Neurology. 2009 Apr 21;72(16):1441-3. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a1861e. PubMed citation
Clarimon J, Brancati F, Peckham E, Valente EM, Dallapiccola B, Abruzzese G, Girlanda P, Defazio G, Berardelli A, Hallett M, Singleton AB. Assessing the role of DRD5 and DYT1 in two different case-control series with primary blepharospasm. Mov Disord. 2007 Jan 15;22(2):162-6. PubMed citation
Defazio G, Matarin M, Peckham EL, Martino D, Valente EM, Singleton A, Crawley A, Aniello MS, Brancati F, Abbruzzese G, Girlanda P, Livrea P, Hallett M, Berardelli A. The TOR1A polymorphism rs1182 and the risk of spread in primary blepharospasm. Mov Disord. 2009 Mar 15;24(4):613-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.22471. PubMed citation
Entrez Gene
Hewett JW, Tannous B, Niland BP, Nery FC, Zeng J, Li Y, Breakefield XO. Mutant torsinA interferes with protein processing through the secretory pathway in DYT1 dystonia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 24;104(17):7271-6. Epub 2007 Apr 11. PubMed citation
Kabakci K, Hedrich K, Leung JC, Mitterer M, Vieregge P, Lencer R, Hagenah J, Garrels J, Witt K, Klostermann F, Svetel M, Friedman J, Kostic V, Bressman SB, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ, Pramstaller PP, Klein C. Mutations in DYT1: extension of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum. Neurology. 2004 Feb 10;62(3):395-400. PubMed citation
Ozelius LJ, Hewett JW, Page CE, Bressman SB, Kramer PL, Shalish C, de Leon D, Brin MF, Raymond D, Corey DP, Fahn S, Risch NJ, Buckler AJ, Gusella JF, Breakefield XO. The early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) encodes an ATP-binding protein. Nat Genet. 1997 Sep;17(1):40-8. PubMed citation
Rostasy K, Augood SJ, Hewett JW, Leung JC, Sasaki H, Ozelius LJ, Ramesh V, Standaert DG, Breakefield XO, Hedreen JC. TorsinA protein and neuropathology in early onset generalized dystonia with GAG deletion. Neurobiol Dis. 2003 Feb;12(1):11-24. PubMed citation
Sibbing D, Asmus F, König IR, Tezenas du Montcel S, Vidailhet M, Sangla S, Oertel WH, Brice A, Ziegler A, Gasser T, Bandmann O. Candidate gene studies in focal dystonia. Neurology. 2003 Oct 28;61(8):1097-101. PubMed citation
Walker RH, Shashidharan P. Developments in the molecular biology of DYT1 dystonia. Mov Disord. 2003 Oct;18(10):1102-7. Review. PubMed citation


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